Brazil Race Relations

Brazil Race Relation Brazil is one of the most visited place in the world and also one of the most diverse countries in the world. More than 75millon people of African decent live in Brazil, this makes it the second largest black population in the world. Its attracts a large number of people because of it architecture, slums and rainforest. Brazil is contradictory because its was the last country to abolish slavery but also the first to claim that it was a racial democracy. Most people might not know that Brazil has its racial problems and that it has been going on for a long time.Brazilian race relations and conceptions of race are somewhat different from the United States. In Brazil most African descendents are people live in slums called the favelas. The favelas are small over-crowded communities, which are built on hills. One of the largest is in a city called Rio de Janeiro and it’s full of hundreds of poor urban people. Some Brazilians would argue that there aren’ t any racial inequalities in Brazil, which is actually false. Many brown and blacks who live in the favelas do not have the same opportunity as the white Brazilians who live in a more suitable environment.The â€Å"2010 census showed that 51% of Brazilians identify themselves as black or brown. † (The economist 2). The income of white Brazilians is more than the black and brown people in Brazil. African descendents have disadvantages in education level, medical treatment , and other important things. They are also at the bottom of the social pyramid, because of racial inequalities. They live in the poorest and most dangerous communities and there aren’t really any securities in the favelas. The social status and economic advantages were based on how light a person's skin was and if they have European ancestry.The United States and Brazil are different because in the U. S race is weighted in a very different way but in Brazil race is described as if one were describing the color of the rainbows. The United States is home to a lot of immigrants and has a middle class where if people were poor they could climb up the pyramid. People also argue that unlike in the U. S slavery , Brazil never segregated anyone. Although there was no segregation there is a huge difference in the gap between blacks and white in Brazil. In Brazil dark skinned Brazilian who made the same amount of income as the white Brazilian tends to live in concentrated poverty areas.During the slave trade, slaves were shipped to Brazil 10 times more than to the United States. Brazil had a cheaper slave trade and was more convenient. Slaves in Brazil were treated more brutally than the slaves brought to the U. S. Slaves in the U. S were fed more, had better places to sleep and had better clothes. The Brazilian society is still unequal for example, after slavery was abolish the white Brazilian wanted to eliminate the blacks by getting number of immigrants from Europe to come to Brazil. T hey wanted the white Immigrants to over populate the blacks and breed with them, so African decent would be eliminated.Brazil socially diminished blackness and encouraged the black Brazilians to detach themselves from their African ancestry. This kind of act never took place in the U. S rather blacks and whites were just segregated. Unlike the U. S where racism was open Brazil pretended as if though there was no racism. The United States has a Black president and some of the Blacks that lives there are millionaires different from Brazil where it’s not like that. Racism in Brazil is veiled and that is why most people think that there was no inequality or racism.In reality Brazil is one of the most racist and unequal countries in the world. Blacks in Brazil are not allowed to talk about race because it is believed in Brazil that racism doesn’t exist and that there is no inequality. Although Brazilians think that there is no racial inequality in Brazil there actually is. People who live in the slums of Brazil claim there is inequality. In some ways Brazil and the United States are similar, but some Brazilians might argue that racism in Brazil is very different from the United States. In both Brazil and the U.S the whites have more advantages than the blacks. They are ensured to get a job and a decent job too. For example, if black people apply for a job in U. S or in Brazil they are most likely not to get the job because of their race or skin color. Another example is that most African descendents in Brazil and the United states live in the poorest communities and are separated from the whites. Take for example Chicago; it is has some of the most segregated communities in Chicago. In these communities there are a lot of blacks living there , just like in Brazil with the favelas.The neighborhoods in some of the United States are just like some Neighborhoods in Brazil and it is very poor and there is violence in the communities. Also Brazil and Americ a are also alike when it comes to the way blacks are viewed and how they are looked down upon. In Brazil and United blacks were seen as ugly people and it was said that the black women were too muscular. In the wealthiest part of both the U. S and Brazil it is mostly whites that live there. for example in hotels, restaurants, television and magazine it only features white Brazilian.Moreover there are a lot of similarity between Brazil and American but both countries are denying having thing in common which they do. Black women in Brazil and the United States both of problems with their skin color, shortness and texture of their hair, which is why they do something about their hair for example, in brazil the women do not like the way their hair looks so they go to the salon to have it straighten or curled just like the women on the television. In both United States and Brazil the education system for the blacks are different from the whites.Also both of the countries have thought abo ut using affirmative action to help racial diversity. For example affirmative action in Brazil is to help get African decent in Brazil into universities. It is said that brazil only hope of achieving racial democracy is by affirmative action so that they can get the a little bit of privilege as the whites in brazil, just like in the United States. Blacks in Brazil and in the United States are treated unfairly and they have a lot of disadvantage over the whites. Just like the blacks in American help to build the U. S for 100 years so did the blacks in Brazil and they are the ones under the pyramid.It may seem like Brazil has no racism inequality in really does but because it is been veiled and pretend to be has it there is none. Most people wouldn’t know that Brazil has a lot of racial problems going on because of how it been covered. Regardless of it not been a segregated country or having klu Klux Klan it still is a very racist country where the majority of the people living there are living in poverty. Brazil is undergoing changes at this time hopefully it is able to clear up it racial problem, but it doesn’t look like it will be solved anytime soon.

Alternative hypothesis Essay

A hypothesis is a statement about the value of a population parameter. The population of interest is so large that for various reasons it would not be feasible to study all the items, or persons, in the population. Analternative to measuring or interviewing the entire population is to take a sample from the population of interest. We can, therefore, test a statement to determine whether the empirical evidence does or does not support the statement. Hypothesis testing starts with a statement, or assumption, about a population parameter – such as the population mean. As noted, this statement is referred to as a hypothesis. A hypothesis might be that the mean monthly commission of salespeople in retail computer stores is $2,000. We cannot contact all these salespeople to ascertain that the mean is in fact $2,000. The cost of locating and interviewing every computer salesperson in the whole country would be exorbitant. To test the validity of the assumption (population mean = $2,000), we must select a sample from the population consisting of all computer salespeople, calculate sample statistics, and based on certain decision rules accept or reject the hypothesis. A sample mean of $1,000 for the computer salespeople would certainly cause rejection of the hypothesis. However, suppose the sample mean is $1,995. Is that close enough to $2,000 for us to accept the assumption that the population mean is $2,000? Can we attribute the difference of $5 between the two means to sampling (chance), or is that difference statistically significant? Hypothesis testing is a procedure based on sample evidence and probability theory to determine whether the hypothesis is a reasonable statement and should not be rejected, or is unreasonable and should be rejected. The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis The null hypothesis is a tentative assumption made about the value of a population parameter. The alternative hypothesis is a statement that will be accepted if our sample data provide us with ample evidence that the null hypothesis is false. Five-step procedure for testing a hypothesis There is a five-step procedure that systematizes hypothesis testing. The steps are: Step 1. State null and alternative hypotheses. Step 2. Select a level of significance. Step 3. Identify the test statistic. Step 4. Formulate a decision rule. Step 5. Take a sample, arrive at decision (accept H 0 or reject H 0 and accept H 1 ). The first step is to state the hypothesis to be tested. It is called the null hypothesis, designated H 0 , and read â€Å" H sub-zero†. The capital letter H stands for hypothesis, and the subscript zero implies â€Å"no difference†. The null hypothesis is set up for the purpose of either accepting or rejecting it. To put it another way, the null hypothesis is a statement that will be accepted if our sample data fail to provide us with convincing evidence that it is false. It should be emphasized at this point that if the null hypothesis is accepted based on sample data, in effect we are saying that the evidence does not allow us to reject it. We cannot state, however, that the null hypothesis is true. That means, accepting the null hypothesis does not prove that H 0 is true – to prove without any doubt that the null hypothesis is true, the population parameter would have to be known. To actually determine it, we would have to test, survey, or count every item in the population and this is usually not feasible. It should also be noted that we often begin the null hypothesis by stating: â€Å"there is no significant difference between†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . When we select a sample from a population, the sample statistic is usually different from the hypothesized population parameter. We must make a judgment about the difference: is it a significant difference, or is the difference between the sample statistic and the hypothesized population parameter due to chance (sampling)? To answer this question, we conduct a test of significance. The alternative hypothesis describes what you will believe if you reject the null hypothesis. It is often called the research hypothesis, designated H 1 , and read â€Å" H sub-one†, so the alternative hypothesis will be accepted if the sample data provide us with evidence that the null hypothesis is false. The level of significance The next step, after setting up the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, is to state the level of significance. It is the risk we assume of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. The level of significance is designated ï  ¡ , the Greek letter alpha. There is no one level of significance that is applied to all studies involving sampling. A decision must be made to use the 0.05 level (often stated as the 5 percent level), the 0.01 level, the 0.10 level, or any other level between 0 and 1. Traditionally, the 0.05 level is selected for customer research projects, 0.01 for quality assurance, and 0.10 for political polling – and the chosen level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true. The test statistic The test statistic is a value, determined from sample information, used to accept or reject the null hypothesis. There are many test statistics: z , t , and others. The decision rule; acceptance and rejection regions A decision rule is simply a statement of the conditions under which the null hypothesis is accepted or rejected. To accomplish this, the sampling distribution is divided into two regions, aptly called the region of acceptance and the region of rejection. The region or area of rejection defines the location of all those values that are so large or so small that the probability of their occurrence under a true null hypothesis is rather remote. Chart 4.1 portrays the regions of acceptance and rejection for a test of significance (a one-tailed test is being applied and the 0.05 level of significance was chosen). Note in Chart 4.1: ïÆ'Ëœ The value 1.645 separates the regions of acceptance and rejection (the value 1.645 is called the critical value). ïÆ'Ëœ The area of acceptance includes the area to the left of 1.645. ïÆ'Ëœ The area of rejection is to the right of 1.645. Thus, the critical value is a number that is the dividing point between the region of acceptance and the region of rejection. Chart 4.1. Sampling distribution for the statistic z ; regions of acceptance and rejection for a right-tailed test; 0.05 level of significance

Final report for summer internship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Final report for summer internship - Essay Example The company has a wide market spread. It gets most of its revenue from its primary market which comprises of Far East, Europe and the Gulf Region. The main products of the market are Methanol and MTBE. The Company aims to optimize the exploitation of the country’s infinite hydrocarbon resources through the production and export of methanol and MTBE. Industry Qatar is a limited liability company. The same was registered and integrated in the state of Qatar as a Qatari Shareholding Company. During 2003 QAFAC received the entire shareholding transfer by Qatar Petrochemical (QP) through IQ. QP is engaged in giving services to the oil industry in Qatar and abroad. It is a state owned corporation engaged in drilling and discovery for oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbon substances and their processing. Presently, QAFAC is the greatest supplier and producer of methanol and MTBE. It supplies its product to the local, regional and international market. The methanol plant has a capacity to produce 832500 tons of methanol annually. The company currently is owned by shareholders where IQ owns 50% of its share, OPIC Middle East Corporation owing 20%, International Octane Limited holding 15% and LCY Middle East Corporation owing 15%. ... They are as follows: Prioritize and strategize the promotion of safe and environment friendly production of MTBE. It exerts profound importance over the endorsement of the storage, handling and proper usage of MTBE To maintain the eco friendly standards of its product and assure the positive contribution to contemporary society. To promote more awareness about its products Augment relationships and networking amongst the shareholders all around the globe. Enhance the industry and shareholders in-depth knowledge and consciousness about their products. To study how clean fuel and clean air can be achieved through MTBE (Saleh Al-Sada, n.d.). The company does not have any mission statement as such. But it stretches upon the state gets maximum benefits from its product. It also focuses upon building an organization with internationally competitive business and technical expertise. Regarding its service the company offers two products namely Methyl-Tertiary-Butyl-Ether (MTBE) and Methanol. MTBE is produced through processing of butane and methanol. Butane is provided by QP and the methanol plant provides methanol. MTBE is a colorless flammable liquid. The product is manufactured to reduce the tail gas pollution generated by motor vehicles. It also eliminates the requirement for Tetra Ethyl Lead blending the gasoline. QAFAC produces the methanol from the natural gas provided by the QP through refinement of stream and synthesis of methanol itself. Methanol is used as an energy source and a raw material for some of the day to day item we use at ours household. Methanol can also be used as a raw material for the production of solvents, formaldehyde, methyl halide, methyl amine, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, acetic anhydride, DME and MTBE.

Politics Involving the Media, And Reasons the Media Is Used as a Prime Essay

Politics Involving the Media, And Reasons the Media Is Used as a Prime Outlet for Reaching the Public And How It Works - Essay Example This essay stresses that people are the most important consumers of information in the media. Therefore, they often develop content that can suit their interests and those of people that give it revenues by airing their agenda. In this case, they often do not put major emphasis on encouraging communication and other forms of information sharing. They are least concerned with strengthening public dialogue or facilitating the process of formulating common decisions. This can be achieved if the media can decide to be objective in the process of framing their news and other episodic events. in as much as the functions of the media remains to be education, the public will always remain to be perceived as passive participants and active consumers of the news and other kinds of information from the media This paper makes a conclusion that the media is an important tool by which people often get information that enhances their decision-making skills. The media plays a big role in the process of creating and sustaining the democratic process in countries. By providing this information, people can make their decisions concerning various political agenda. Politics are an important aspect of governance in the growth of the democratic processes in countries. The media has a role to play as far as creating and reporting on the issues and political agenda.

Formal Business Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Formal Business Report - Term Paper Example The results of the study largely show that Yellow Pages are becoming obsolete as it is quickly being taken over by online marketing. In view of these results, the president of Glass & Mirror is recommended to adopt online marketing and to focus on building the company’s brand name. DiFeo Glass & Mirror is a wholesale and retail company owned by Michelle DiFeo, located in New York’s Westchester County. The company has used Yellow pages for advertisement campaigns since 2004 and, hence, has continued to ignore other campaign options such as internet, which have taken the centre stage in the advertisement industry. DiFeo has admitted that use of Yellow Pages is ‘a force of habit’ which is worth her investment, but it is clear that she has spent a staggering amount on them - this study will reveal how this expenditure could be ineffective (Stamoulis 4). DiFeo Glass & Mirror has used Yellow Page advertising as one of its best option for product promoting. In New York’s Westchester County, which is the DiFeo Glass & Mirror’s service area, there are tens of phone books. This means that DiFeo Glass & Mirror has to advertise in a multiple phonebooks in order to reach many of those who need its services. As a result, DiFeo Glass & Mirror spends thousands of dollars on Yellow Pages campaign. In this study, this campaign is considered absolutely ineffective. Some of the reasons cited for causing Yellow Pages ineffectiveness include the fact that customers are quickly turning to online advertisements, the cost of Yellow Pages supersedes its benefit, and because administration of Yellow Pages is extremely complex (Stamoulis 5). When estimating the benefits of Yellow pages, measurements such as cost per call, monthly calls per phone book and cost per sale are used. A company cannot achieve utmost results if this information is not available. If the company relies

Lescol XL for Reduction of Cholesterol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lescol XL for Reduction of Cholesterol - Essay Example More frequently, however, this condition is better termed as hyperlipidemia or high serum lipid levels. Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated conditions, such as coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease, where excess lipid is deposited in the arterial walls of different parts of the body, and this lipid is peroxidized to form atherosclerotic plaques. The anatomic narrowing of the arterial lumen compromises the blood flow in the area distal to the location of the plaque buildup, and if the artery happens to be a major end artery, there is always a chance of critical ischemia leading to adverse clinical events such as myocardial infarction, such as occurs in heart. However, in general this drug is indicated for hyperlipidemia and heterozygous familial high cholesterol levels in the serum. High levels of cholesterol in the blood have been long acknowledged as the prime pathophysiological c ulprit that causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. ... One of the major functions of the liver in lipid metabolism is lipoprotein synthesis. The four major classes of circulating plasma lipoproteins are chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Dyslipidemia, including hyperlipidemia or hypercholesterolemia and low levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), are major causes of increased atherogenic risk. It has been observed that both genetic disorders and lifestyle associated problems, such as, sedentary behavior and diets high in calories, saturated fat, and cholesterol, contribute to the dyslipidemias. The disease process is known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a process of progressive lipid accumulation and calcification of the inner arterial walls in the abdominal aorta, lower extremities and the arteries of the heart, brain and kidneys. These lipid depositions contain and the most important single factor for their development is a high plasma concentration of total cholesterol, in particular a high concentration of LDL (Canto, J.G., and Iskandrian, A.E., 2003). It is very typical for these patients to have a high total cholesterol concentration in the blood plasma, a dangerously high LDL, and a low HDL fraction in fasting plasma. The atherosclerotic patient often also has a high total triglyceride concentration. Large atherosclerotic plaques narrow the arterial lumen and produce arterial stenosis with reduced blood flow. Insufficient oxygen delivery to the tissue is called ischaemic hypoxia, and hypoxic pains develop as in angina pectoris and intermittent claudication. Total occlusion of the arterial lumen is caused by a thrombus

As It Is in Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

As It Is in Heaven - Essay Example At the beginning, the presence of the church environment gives an assumption that everything is going well in this society. It is not until every individual’s privacy is revealed that the viewer realizes that family issues are a society planning issues that has remained largely unresolved. When Daniel sought refuge in his home village, he is received by a church minister who hands him a bible. Daniel is used to capitalistic life in town, and he tries to shun social life as seen when he turned down the minister’s invitation to a diner. However, the pressure from the church choir and music in him is too high and he accepts to join and train the choir members. The armature singers use the music to placate their familial challenges. In their chapter seven article Massey and Denton (1993) start by quoting Pam Grier who analyzes that people are hopeless in the society because their daily lives are challenging, hence prompting them to go to some sort of entertainment. In this film, music is the outlet that the choir members chose to indulge in to release their live stresses. David teaches them how to sing as they listen to their hearts, how to perfect their vocals and how to cooperate and not compete in their common endeavors. This goal is of great importance because it symbolizes the way family institution should function in the society. It is a contrast of how the families in the movie have been operating and how women have been enduring their problems. For instance, Daniel is caught in a web of attention when several women from the choir start competing for his attention. His attention was caught by Lena, a young attractive girl in the choir. As their love grows, the personal problems of the other choir members confront him. This is a microcosmic example of the family issues in the society. For example, Inger the minister’s wife also secretly admires Daniels because she is sexually repressed. The woman is enduring a failed sexual relationship w ith her husband. This is a depiction of how the church has failed to plan family matters. The extreme of this irony is when the church minister becomes jealous when the choir starts succeeding. He is threatened by the unity and the zeal of the choir. He tries to shatter their dreams but he failed and this failure leads to his ultimate nervous breakdown. Daniel engages the choir members into lessons that liberate them, and the first person to be set free is the minister’s wife. Inger later goes to her husband and tells him that she no longer believes in sin. She claimed that their marriage is spoilt by the religion, which was brought to the community by outsiders. Gabriella is a highly talented singer in the choir, but her husband always batters her and the village is not concerned; everyone is minding his own business. It was Gabriella’s husband, Connie who schooled with Daniel and drove Daniel out of the village. Connie is later left by his wife and he blames Daniel a nd the choir for influencing his wife wrongly. He attacks and assaults Daniel, an act that sends him to jail. Individual freedom and the society relation with members The movie gives an excellent depiction of how individual freedom is compromized by the society members. At the beginning of the movie, the viewer meets Daniel who has already returned to his village after

Parenting Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Parenting Styles - Essay Example â€Å"†¦..cause-and-effect links between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children is very difficult. Some children raised in dramatically different environments can later grow up to have remarkably similar personalities. Conversely, children who share a home and are raised in the same environment can grow up to have astonishingly different personalities than one another.† (Baumrind, 1978) A boy returned from school with a note that stated that the boy was a slow learner and therefore had to quit school. The options were to plead to the school, change the school or a private tutor. The mother dismissed all options and became the boy’s tutor. For years’ with great skill and angelic patience she taught her son- the slow learner. Later this slow learner had several inventions to his credit- Thomas Alva Edison for his mother taught him the fundamentals. Albert Schweitzer stated that parenting is like using on burning candle to light several others; the first does not loose its brilliance. Would a son respect and obey his father who exhorts him to be honest, but will not give up his dishonest ways? Will a daughter admire her mother who chides her for not being discreet and guarded in her speech, when she herself is talkative and constantly faulting others? Parents insist that children obey the fourth commandment to honor parents but they should make a greater effort to be worthy of that honor. This does not mean that parents have to be perfect. As long as the children see the parents as heaven-ward looking, down to earth role models, then children would live up to one’s expectations. Why do well meaning parents end up disappointed? Parenting is a journey. The bottom line is the only way to raise a decent child is by being a decent human being. All parents wish to raise happy and smart children

EPI7005 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

EPI7005 - Essay Example Several methods have been used in the correction of geometric distortions in MRI diffusion weighted normally resulting from static magnetic field inhomogeneities. Such inhomogeneties may be as a result of some imperfection within the magnet or magnetic susceptibility spatial variation of the object that is being imaged (Christ, 2000, p. 78). The spatial variation is normally referred to as susceptibility artifacts. EPI applied in most of protocols used in diffusion weighted acquisition uses a homogenous static field. Such afield does not normally hold for MRI head. The distortion that comes out of this is significant enough to even exceed ten millimeters. Such artifacts come in the way of accurate diffusion images alignment with structural MRI and are considered obstacles to the head MRI joint analysis of structure and connectivity. Some of the methods used for correction of magnetic susceptibility distortions include the use of a filed map. However, such methods of applying field ma ps are not reliable and accurate hence do not result in reliable EPI alignment with structural images that correspond to it. The T2-weighted structural image approach that relies on EPI baseline image and still gives account of the susceptibility artifacts is the recommended approach (Edelman and Schmitt, 1994, p. 610) Question 1A Several parameters have to be reduced in order to optimize EPI image and they include: A. Reducing the time of echo train length: The longer the length of the echo train, the more time is required by the spin to gather phase error and also the greater the distortion witnessed. One of the ways of minimizing the total time of train length is by minimizing the echo spacing. The less the time taken by the frequency gradient in sampling the signal, the less the distortion that will be witnessed as shown in figure 1. The period for sampling is normally during the flat readout gradient portion unless there is ramp sampling. In FSE, the less the ESP or the echo sp acing, the less the blurring of the image. In EPI, minimizing the echo spacing also results in a reduction in the blurring as well as a reduction in geometric distortion. Figure 1. The sampling time and the read encoding gradient during normal gradient performance (McMahon, 2012) As the segmentation degree increases, the echo number acquired per rf excitation decreases. This in turn minimizes the geometric distortion as the phase error time of accumulation is reduced. Figure 2 below demonstrates a reduction in effective inter-echo spacing (McMahon, 2012). Gradients are from two varying excitations, interleaved and offset with respect to each other. Figure 3 shows geometric distortion reduction as the shot number increases. In areas with low inherent homogeneity like the sinuses, the geometric distortion can appear with a larger shots number. As the shots number increases beyond a given point, the distortion reduction becomes unnoticeable. Figure 5; demonstration of the reduction of geometric distortion as the number of shots is increased (McMahon, 2012) B. Reducing echo spacing; methods used to shorten echo spacing include: Ramp sampling Increasing the receiver bandwidth through achieving a stronger gradient Resolution reduction hence a reduction in the echoes train number Phase encoding collection in multiple sessions (segmented or multiple shot EPI) By using increased amplitudes or

Planning task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Planning task - Essay Example Ask students to think about how the early Egyptians computed for the dimensions and what kind of measuring units they used. The Base Area depends on the shape, there are different formulas for triangle, square, etc. But the Lateral Area is surprisingly simple. Just multiply the perimeter by the side length and divide by 2. This is because the sides are always triangles and the triangle formula is base times height divided by 2 Education today has undergone various transformations from days of old. Schools at present may have similar goals of optimizing students’ learning and maximizing their potentials but may have differing philosophies, approaches and educational strategies in fulfilling these goals. â€Å"Predictably, the traditional teacher-centered model in which knowledge is â€Å"transmitted† from teacher to learner is rapidly being replaced by alternative models of instruction (e.g., learner-centered, constructivist, and sociocultural ideas) in which the emphasis is on guiding and supporting students as they learn to construct their understanding of the culture and communities of which they are a part (Brown et al., 1993; Brown, Collins, & Duguid, 1989; Cobb, 1994; Collins, 1990; Duffy & Cunningham, 1996; Pea, 1993). In the process of shifting our attention to the constructive activity of the learner, we recognize the need to anchor learning in real-world or authentic contexts that make learning meaningful and purposeful. â€Å" (Bonk & Cunningham, 1998, p.27). The lesson plans prepared above were meant to combine old and new methods of teaching and learning. It has the elements of both teacher-directed as well as learner-centred learning activities. Math concepts and problem solving still need teacher demonstrations, but it also needs practical application for the students to be able to appreciate it. The theories of Piaget and Vygotsky were based on their predecessors’. â€Å"Piaget believed that children create knowledge through

My First Day Essay Essay Example for Free

My First Day Essay Essay My First Day†¦ As of today, August 30th, I, Blah blah blah, took the initiative to explore the entire campus. Today, the temperature could have possibly been right at about 93 degrees, and I decided to walk around this gigantic campus to waste time before my next class. During orientation week, I missed the campus tours because I was too busy sleeping my day away. So, what other way to compensate for lost time than to take my very own campus tour? Initially, I intended to look for the art buildings, but the best thing I discovered after my journey today happened to be the fact that the art buildings were being reconstructed. Just my luck. However, I did find the Knight Physics building which happens to be absolutely gorgeous. I also happened to stumble across the school’s arbortorium. I felt like I was walking through a jungle with my combat boots on and the leaves hovering above my head. I walked around in a circle and found my way to the school of law. The school of law is literally like its own kingdom within the campus. The students had their own law shirts, and the windows of the classroom even had curtains to block the sun out. I know curtains are a pretty simplistic observation, but I could not help but to find that fascinating! I have failed to sit in any classroom that had panels to block the sun. Only in the law school at the University of . As I walked away from the law school, I made my way towards the UC area and back around towards the Rat. Passing the vivacious students lounging with their friends, I hiked around the lake under the scorching sun wishing that I had a bottle of water, a hat, and maybe even some sun glasses. The heat was pretty unbearable. Passing between the Hecht and Stanford towers, I ventured towards the school of architecture. That is one white building. I expected it to be more lavish in its exterior design seeing that it is the school of architecture. I walked past the school of architecture and head back towards Mahoney-Pearson. I know that area pretty well. is my new home for now. As I left the Mahoney-Pearson area, I circled around towards the UC area again and crossed the winding paths towards the Whitten Learning Center. There was approximately 10 minutes left to spare before class started, and the brightest idea that I came up with all day was†¦ to finally sit down!

Alternative Minimum Tax Essay Example for Free

Alternative Minimum Tax Essay Good to hear from you Alex. Estate and gift tax can be a burden so let me help you clear the air and give you a fresh take on what to do. First I’m going to want to explain to you the estate tax formula. Then I will discuss the interplay between gift and estate taxes. I have a few strategies for you to minimize estate taxes that I can let you in on and will help you on the long run. I would also like to explain the generation-skipping transfer tax and its relationship to gift and estate tax, because this might relate to you. From all this I will give you my advice on whether to invest in your son and his business idea. I would like to explain the estate tax formula and how it is computed. The first step is to gather or compile the gross estate and that consists of all the property in which you have an interest in. This would be the total dollar value of all the property and assets you have at the time of your death. The gross estate figure will be before liabilities like debt and taxes are deducted. The next step will be to subtract all the debt, funeral, and administration expenses. This will give you the adjusted gross estate. We would then normally subtract the property passing to the surviving spouse. In your case, your spouse no longer plays a factor but that may come to play if you decide to remarry and include your possible future spouse in your will. After we have taken out these items we would come up with your taxable estate. We will have to add the adjusted taxable gifts. This would be the excess of $13,000 annual gift exclusion amount. Under some special circumstances, if the gift was included in the gross estate it would not have to be reported again. Once this is done we will have you estate tax base. We then can find your tentative estate tax from the tax table. Our next step would be to subtract gift taxes payable on gifts includible in the estate tax base. We also have to subtract the applicable credit amount. The applicable credit is also known as the unified credit. This credit applies to both the gift and estate taxes. In 2012 the maximum unified credit is at $1,772,800 and the applicable exclusion amount is at $5,120,000. If after all this is done and a tax is still payable we will subtract other possible credits. These credits would include state tax credits, the credit for prior transfers and the foreign tax credit. The final result would be the tax payable that is due with the estate tax return. Gift and estate taxes work together and there is a specific purpose to that. While you are alive, and gift transfers may be subject to the federal gift tax. After your death, the estate transfers (property and assets) may be subject to federal estate tax. The reason these two taxes work together is so at the time of your death you cannot avoid the estate tax by giving away your property. The one good thing is that they both have exclusions that we can take advantage to avoid taxes. A gift and estate lifetime exclusion can work together to allow you to transfer up to $5,120,000 of lifetime gifts. They both will not be imposed with gift or estate tax. Anything after this exclusion will be subject to the 35% tax rate and that goes for both gift and estate tax. Another way they are intertwined is that if you have to make large gift tax payments during your lifetime this would result in lower estate taxes. In some circumstances the combine total of the early gift taxes and the later estate tax would give you an even lower estate tax that you would have gotten with the estate tax alone. This would then allow you to pass on even higher values to your beneficiaries. There are a few estate tax strategies that I want you in on and that will eventually lower you estate tax. First is marital transfer, which neither lifetime gifts nor bequests at death to one’s spouse are subject to estate taxes. This type of transfer might be an incentive for you to remarry but don’t recommend that be your only reason for remarriage. Another strategy is lifetime gifts to children and grandchildren. An example of this is to give annual gifts of $12,000 to any number of persons. By giving this gift a husband and wife can give a collective amount of $24,000 per year per recipient without having to incur a gift tax. This can add up to a substantial amount over a number of years. Uniform transfer to minors is another option. You can accomplish this by gifting to the children that are still minors which is usually given to a custodian for the benefit of the child. This would be distributed to the child when the child reaches 18 and like other gifts would be subject to an annual exclusion for lifetime gifts. Irrevocable life insurance trusts are available for you to use. To do this you would be transferring small amounts of your estate that are equal to the amount of a life insurance premium to an irrevocable life insurance trust. When this is done, you will be reducing your taxable estate and creating a much larger asset outside of the estate. The life insurance proceeds are generally not taxable. A private annuity can be made to make a sale of an asset to a younger generation in exchange for an unsecured promise. This promise is to pay annual amounts to the seller for the seller’s lifetime. Furthermore, charitable transfers can reduce the size of the estate and thereby reduce the estate taxes. Lifetime gifts provide an additional benefit of an income tax deduction. This last one I think is one of your best bets for transferring your estate to your child or children. A family limited partnership can provide a valuable estate planning tool to assist your family in transferring ownership of family owned businesses. This would also help protect your family assets from creditors as an added bonus. Considering that you will be making larger amounts of money, this option permits taxation of partnership income at your child’s lower tax rates. This plan offers plenty of intriguing options but also the added features of the family limited partnership flexibility and revocability. With your son’s possible criminal record, this gives you control in case things don’t pan out like you wish. What is generation skipping transfer? A generation skipping transfer is shift of property by gift to a person who is two or more generations below that of you. For years wealthy individuals gave away their fortune or property to grandchildren without paying federal estate taxes. This tax was made to prevent people avoiding this tax by skipping generations. This tax is only due when a skip person receives amount in excess of GST estate tax credit. One good thing is that most people will never encounter the GST tax because the tax credit levels are pretty high. Currently taxpayers are entitled to a $5 million GST tax exemption. Leaving a dynasty trust offers two advantages to the GST exemption. One is that the trust will escape all transfer taxes when the child dies. I would then pass tax-free to the grandchildren. The trust can be protected from the claims of creditors and to some extent, money seeking ex-spouses. Overall I hope I have given you some ideas on what to do and how to avoid estate taxes. Estate taxes can be avoided and you don’t have to take it sitting down. There are plenty of tax loopholes that you can still take advantage of. Now for the matter of your son it is in my personal recommendation for you not to just give your child, Jackson, the gift of three million. As there will be a gift tax that will apply to it for this current year that can be avoided. Instead I hope you decide to make a family limited partnership as to give you control of that money and still give your son the opportunity to pursue his dream to make custom cabinets. Eventually you can leave the company to Jackson after you know that the felony charges will not affect him and he has shown promise in maintaining the company. This once again is my recommendation but you have the option to do as you see fit. You are not limited to this and we can always work together to find something that will fit your c hildren or family needs.

History of the English Empire

History of the English Empire England Empire Colonies In 1883, the British historian J.R. Seeley surveyed his nations empire with bemusement: â€Å"We seem to have conquered and peopled half the world in a fit of absence of mind.† When you consider the various American empires before c.1815, would you argue that they were acquired and maintained absentmindedly? In his collection of lectures entitled The Expansion of England, J.R. Seeley exasperatingly stated that the creation and growth of the British empire had been met with â€Å"a fit of absence of mind.† Seeley detailed the worrying trend amongst his contemporaries that the American colonies had not yielded sufficient profit for Britain, while the loss of the British American colonies had been as inevitable as the ripening of fruit. This sentiment was inextricably linked to the fact that Britain had endowed its American colonies with liberty and representative government, while not obsessively exerting metropolitan authority; conducive factors to the American revolution. As Britain had lacked the explicit notion of conquest in determining her imperial project in North America, and was rather, and primarily, a commercial empire, the question as to whether the various imperial projects had been conducted in â€Å"absence of mind† is raised. The fact that the British, French, and Dutch American empires were commercial ventures conducted by private individuals and companies to settle and procure profit from America, highlights the somewhat ad hoc maintenance of empire. However, to suggest that the foundation and settlement of the various American empires was done in an exclusively non-purposeful manner across the five centuries in which the continent was discovered, settled, and economically exploited is problematic. The sheer duration of the American empires puts to question how the various empires would have spanned centuries if they had been acquired and maintained absentmindedly. Further, in assessing the conquest of South America by the Spanish, an empire intrinsically founded on the spirit of the conquistador and mineral exploitation, the suggestion of absent-minded imperialism is further put to question. In addition to the problem of synthesising the various imperial missions under the questionable label of inattentiveness, there also lies the inherent issue that Seeley did not consciously intend to accuse the various American empires of governing with an â€Å"absence of mind†. Thus, the issues raised by the duration and ideological differentiation of the American empires cloud any simple creation of a definitive conclusion as to how, and by whom, the empires were acquired and maintained. From the foundation of the first British colony at Jamestown in 1606 to the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the British American empire to which Seeley referred to had spanned one-hundred and seventy years. This colonial longevity implicitly puts to question the sign of an absent-minded empire. Although there was no singular, cohesive force which settled, economically-exploited, and governed the American empires, there was purpose to be found in all the imperial projects. The fact that there was not one, but several, interwoven missions with different intentions and outcomes obscures the purposeful nature of the imperial projects.However, the very inception of the American empires clearly displayed purpose.In the royal charters granted by Elizabeth I and Henry VII, explorers such as Sir Walter Raleigh were given prerogatives to locate and conquer suitable areas of the New World for English possession. The creation of colonies had a two-fold purpose; to emulate the economic success of Spainand create ting new areas of commerce and agricultural produce for England. Indeed, not only were royal charters granted by European monarchs to explorers seeking to claim and settle the Americas, but they were also granted to trading companies. This delegation of power showed pragmatic solutions to the acquisition of the virgin American markets. As the British, French, and Dutch states did not have enough capital to run the risk of acquiring new land, it was the purpose of companies such as the Plymouth and London groups to settle New England and the Chesapeake and to create agricultural produce and symbiotic trading agreements with the natives present there. Therefore, the control exuded by the private companies in the American empires should not suggest absent-mindedness on behalf of the mother countries, but rather, a practical measure to maximise profit and minimise investment in an untested and perhaps ruinous scheme. In describing the â€Å"absence of mind† of the British state, Seeley highlighted the issue of reluctant British imperialism and that this reluctance led to imperial disorganisation, which ultimately epitomised the absence of mind which he aimed to identify. However, this was not a direct attack on the commercial nature of the American colonies, but rather Seeley aimed to highlight a lack of a cohesive imperial identity which primarily referred to Britains Indian empire. Seeley states quite openly that â€Å"our acquisition of India was made blindly† while â€Å"when our first settlers went out to Virginia and New England We did intend to establish a new community†. Thus, by first allowing private investors to settle and acquire an economic base in America, followed by a direct application of metropolitan control when the colonies began to prosper, the British state had indeed acquired and maintained her commercial empire with purpose. The beneficial economic motives which led to the granting of a royal charter for Jamestown in 1606 resulted in the eventual if tortuous prosperity of the colony; identifying the commercial purpose of the British American empire. Even though it took several decades for Jamestown to prosper and be fully recognised by metropolitan authority in England may suggest a tenuous link for imperial purpose and direct control. But, by the seventeenth century, the British state had created the Navigation Act of 1660 which sought to consolidate previous economic regulations and ultimately, make trade more prosperous for England. By stating that no goods could be imported or exported into territories owned by Charles II, unless carried in English vessels, ensured the commercial hegemony of England in her American colonies. This coherent economic regulation, legislated just fifty-four years after the foundation of Jamestown, testifies to a purposeful maintenance of Britains commercial empire. Furthermore, the power of the British metropole, epitomised in the increased regulatory interference in the post-Seven Years War climate shows further purposeful maintenance of the American colonies. After Britain had curtailed French and Spanish power in North America, the British state aimed to apply the dictates of a centrally-based parliament, obsessed with the concept of sovereignty. This ideological shift primarily resulted from the altered power structure created in the aftermath of the Seven Years War. Due to a British sentiment that the colonies had defiantly dragged their feet during the course of the war combined with the fact that Britain defeated its imperial rivals in course becoming a hegemonic force in North America created a perceptible power shift. In creating a monopoly of power, the economic and political status of colonists and Indians worsened, culminating in Pontiacs rebellion and the subsequent grievances and retaliations of white settlers, such as the Paxton Boys, placing Britain in an unprecedented situation. In response to the increasing frontier disputes, growing prejudices between settlers and Native Americans, and the changed power-structure present after the Seven Years War, the metropolitan became increasingly authoritative in colonial legislation. Parliamentary revenue acts were enacted to pay for a ten-thousand strong land army to maintain authority in the colonies; the Royal Proclamation of 1763 aimed to reinforce the Crowns control of new colonies in North America, while the Stamp Act of 1765 attempted to apply direct taxation to the American colonies. This shift in metropolitan attitude, following the Seven Years War, was to become significant in the colonial grievances leading up to the Declaration of Independence while showing direct evidence of the purposeful governance of the Britains American empire. Nevertheless, the assertion that the American empires were acquired and maintained absentmindedly is not baseless, and can be persuasively attributed to the commercial empires of North America. The limited design and short-sighted nature of the various imperial projects is especially evident in the creation of some of the first American colonies in the early seventeenth century. The initial setbacks of the English colonies at Roanoke which completely vanished and Jamestown, which witnessed continual deprivationand ruinous warfare against the Powhattan empire to the similar failure of Cartiers French colonies shows the limited design and purpose behind the formative American colonies. The fact that such ventures failed for simple, and surmountable, reasons such as lack of supply and poor location and suffered initial, and unnecessary, setbacks in declaring war against Native Americans, showed that the American empires, from the very beginning, had limited success and little central control. In essence, Jamestown was not the centre of metropolitan attention, most of its initial settlers quickly died, and by 1622 the Virginia Company was close to bankruptcy. Indeed, the sixteenth and seventeenth century French and English explorers and settlers initially sought the lucrative promise of Gold and Silver akin to the Spanish discovery and exploitation in South America. Explorers such as Raleigh and Cartier became obsessed with the acquisition of precious metalsin a vain attempt to match the prosperity of the Spanish empire. Therefore the English and French colonies, following the absence of a codified plan, essentially stumbled, half-reluctantly, upon their system of agricultural produce and commerce,in lieu of Gold. Moreover, the criticism applied to the absent-minded metropole in the foundation of the American colonies can be further applied to the ad hoc maintenance of the American empire. Since private companies and individuals had been in control of colonial affairs in varying senses and had been granted differing vested powers, the maintenance of metropolitan authority was not cohesive. Effective metropolitan control was not in place until the radically altered political structure following the Seven Years War in America. Indeed, rather than the Seven Years War being perceived as a prime example of purposeful metropolitan maintenance of an economic and political empire, it was the increase in metropolitan authority after 1763 which highlighted previous absent-mindedness regarding America. Until the latter half of the eighteenth century, metropolitan authority had been a secondary premise behind the commercial nature of the American empire, which was founded not on exploitation, but the granting of political freedoms, liberty, and local representation. Given the general perception that the British, French and Dutch empires began ignominiously in the seventeenth century, while the respective States ruled their mercantilist empires with a laissez-faire attitude, it would seem apt to label their imperial experiences as absent-minded. However, despite the initial setbacks in America, each of the American empires did aim to settle and govern their colonies in the best interest of commerce. Trade was the pre-eminent motive for the investors of the Virginia company, while specific instructions were given to prospective colonists of Jamestown to maximise productivity. Further, the nature of French imperialism in North America shown in the system of trading posts on the St. Lawrence and Mississippi River, epitomises the commercial presence of the European powers in America. In presiding over a large portion of sparsely populated land the French sought to create a monopoly of trade with the Native Americans without impinging on territory or imposing a large army; their empire was built on a trade relationship in which both the French traders and state, as well as the natives, benefited. Further, in the small colonies of the New Netherlands and New Sweden, army deployment and state control was similarly weak, creating the perfect environment for lucrative trade. Indeed, a recurring theme in Shortos depiction of the New Netherlands was the realisation made by explorers and governors that the Dutch colony was situated in an optimum location for the control of trade along the seaboard and into the American interior. This proved that it was the identification and exploitation, through colonisation, of prosperous economic regions which was important to European imperial regimes; suggesting a purposeful maintenance of the commercial North American empires. The argument for absent-minded imperialism further falls apart when applied to the Spanish style of empire employed in South America. The Spanish state, while recognising the commercial benefits of the South American colonies, acquired and maintained her empire purposefully. Inspired by the legitimisation to New World conquest granted by the Alexandrine Bulls and through the use of the requerimiento, the Spanish pursued an empire of conquest intent on the subjugation of the native peoples, exploitation of bullion, and the evangelisation of the native population. By conquering the Aztec and Mayan empires in the sixteenth century and exploiting abundant gold and silver deposits, the South American Spanish Viceroyalties were intrinsically founded on the Spirit of Conquestwith an aim to increase Spanish power via the importation of bullion. The Spanish thus used the plunder and mineral deposits of South America as a means to increase their power in Europe and to consolidate their position in the Americas. Furthermore, the central nature of this debate, that of Seeleys bemusement at the imperial absence of mind in America, has had its original intention taken out of context. Seeley saw the American empire as an integral part of Greater Britain which had been unfairly neglected by British historians. By declaring that the â€Å"absence of mind†, Seeley was referring to the fact that Britains imperial project in America had failed to alter British perceptions of Great Britain, that it had failed to â€Å"change our ways of thinking† and that â€Å"we do not reckon our colonies as really belonging to us†. Thus the â€Å"absence of mind† was not directed at the acquisition and maintenance of empire, but rather at the â€Å"indifference which we show towards the mighty phenomenon of the diffusion of our race and the expansion of our state.† To conclude, the declaration that the American empires were acquired and maintained with a complete absence of mind is incorrect. Each European imperial project had differing intentions, were settled by different individuals and spanned across centuries, and so a sense of continued purpose was inevitably lost. But there was, of course, purpose behind the imperial projects, or they would not have been settled or economically exploited in the first place. Both France and England settled in America for commercial interests while the Spanish purposefully exploited the economic wealth of South America. Further, the importance of questioning J.R. Seeleys quote cannot be understated. He was not necessarily accusing Britain of an absence of mind in regards to America, but rather in a historical sense; that the greatness of the imperial schemes had be ignored, and a re-assessment of the importance and centrality it held to British history must be made. Bibliography Appelbaum, Robert (ed.)Envisioning an English Empire: Jamestown and the Making of the North Atlantic World (2005). Armitage, David,The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge, 2000). Elliott, John, Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830 (New Haven, 2006). The Old World and the New, 1492-1650 (Cambridge, 1970). Games, Alison, Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World (Cambridge,  1999). Pagden, Anthony,Lords of all the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.1500 – 1800 (New Haven, 1995). Richter, Daniel,Facing East from Indian Country (Cambridge, Mass., 2001). Samson, Jane (ed.)The British Empire (Oxford, 2001). Seed, Patricia, Ceremonies of Possession in Europes conquest of the New World, 1492 – 1640 (Cambridge, 1995). Seeley, J.R.,The Expansion of England (London, 1883). A Declaration and Remonstrance of the Distressed and Bleeding Frontier Inhabitants of the Province of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1764)

Free Speech -- Liberty Rights Papers Internet Censorship

Free Speech â€Å"Whoever would overthrow the liberty of a nation must begin by subduing the freeness of speech.† These words were spoken by Benjamin Franklin, one of our nation’s founding fathers, when the United States was still a newly independent country. Free speech, which is defined as the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government, is a subject that is still present in the minds of many people today. At one extreme of the spectrum is a group of folks that do not care the slightest bit about free speech issues and at another end is a group of people who will vehemently fight to protect their right to free speech. In a middle ground, like most peoples’ stance, lay a large group of individuals who only take notice and take action regarding such issues when they become personally affected. Only when a person is confronted directly with someone or something that limits their actions or ability to express themselves do they begi n to realize just how much they take the right to free speech for granted. And not only is free speech threatening issues becoming more common today, but the age at which individuals come across these threats to free speech is getting even younger. It is starting quite early for today’s children as they are becoming well acquainted with perhaps the most widespread but least recognized threat to our free speech, internet content filters. According to the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility’s (CPSR) Frequently Asked Questions on filtering, a content filter is one or more pieces of software that work together to prevent users from viewing material found on the Internet and is described by the Electronic Frontier Foundation as a software mechanism for... ...ob at actually restricting access to inappropriate material and rather do a much better job at blocking beneficial resources. First and foremost the issue of government-imposed internet content blocking must be addressed. Once a solution to that has been applied, then the use of filters in general can be tackled. The solution to this can best be summed up by the following quote from the National Research Council’s book, Youth, Pornography, and the Internet, â€Å"Swimming pools can be dangerous for children. To protect them, one can install locks, put up fences, and deploy pool alarms. All these measures are helpful, but by far the most important thing that one can do for one’s children is to teach them to swim.† Once parents address the issues through communication with their children, there will be much less of a need for the â€Å"filtering† software on the market today.

The Life of Vincent Van Gogh Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Life of Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh is one of the most famous artists of all time. He is known for his paintings and is hailed as the quintessential expressionist painter in history. Yet, Van Gogh lived one of the most troubling lives one could ever imagine. Almost every painting can be viewed as a look into his troubled soul. Van Gogh’s Paintings today can be sold for millions of dollars, but during his life time he sold a single painting for a measly 40 francs. Van Gogh’s legacy has left behind stories of greatness and sadness having to do with both his personal life and his career as an artist. Vincent Van Gogh was born near Brabant, Belgium, the son of a minister. In 1869, he got a position at the art dealers, Goupil and Co. in The Hague, through his uncle, and worked with them until he was dismissed from the London office in 1873. He worked as a schoolmaster in England (1876), before training for the ministry at Amsterdam University (1877). After he failed to get a post in the Church, he went to live as an independent missionary among t...

English Term paper -- essays research papers

1984 is a novel of great influence. The novel illustrates many concepts of life in the future through the knowledge of the past. The descriptive theories within the novel are familiar in basic context when we look into the society of today. The author George Orwell has projected an image of the future through the knowledge of his lifetime, which is not far off reality. The novel talks about the social movement to a world of unbearable proportions, which takes the idea of security to the limit. A feeling of helplessness is bestowed upon the people as the government scrutinizes their every move. The government has created a society of fear, and people automatically fall into line for they cannot escape the eyes of Big Brother who is watching them. Many of the major concepts outlined in detail in the novel are applicable to life in the twenty-first century. The author has defined concepts for several areas, which he perceived the world would progress towards. Orwell’s prophecies as illustrated in the novel 1984 are fulfilled in today’s society. One of the major prophecies that Orwell outlines in his novel is the idea of the telescreen which can watch anyone at any time this is a reality in today’s society. One of the major connections that Orwell makes about the telescreen of 1984 and today’s society is that you could spy on people. The telescreen might be the most closely compared to microphones and cameras, but there are also many other devices that can be easily used for spying. Within the area of the telescreen anyone could be watched as well as heard, which closely links to the surveillance of today, except people are a little more naive. â€Å"Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it; moreover, so as long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard. There was of course no way of knowing whether you were being watched at any given moment.†(Orwell, 6) The notion that â€Å"Big broth er is watching you† from the novel is not that far off. In fact cameras are being installed all over the place for security reasons, but you do not know who is watching you and what kind of personal information you are giving away. â€Å"No matter how far our contemporary world may seem to 1984’s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillance of its citizens--from the thre... ...clearly outlines several theories of his within the novel, which have come true in modern day. George Orwell’s first prophecy is about a piece of technology, which we can quite easily relate to modern day because it is quite like a television or a communication device such as a camera or microphone. This was important since it was one of the main ideas of his novel, relating to spying, and it has become quite prominent within our society as well as in the novel. Next the author outlines the type of government, which is quite overpowering, which again in co-ordinance with the telescreen presents one of the main ideas in the plot of the novel and is quite emphasized. The type of governance described is in effect in some countries around the world today. Finally the author has described in detail the use of a new language that has become useful for brainwashing, and government propaganda. This language can be related to today as we have created a new language of our own for s pecial purposes and there are places that deal with a double languages, just as in the novel. The concepts that this novel introduces are so realistic that it has influenced many around the world for many years.

Leadership in Julius Caesar Essay

In Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Cassius is shown as the leader of the conspirators. Brutus, as chose by Cassius, becomes a secondary leader in the plan to eliminate Caesar. Cassius and Brutus portray specific leadership qualities in very different ways. Brutus shows he is a more sufficient leader by his bravery, integrity and selflessness. Cassius’ lack of bravery is matched up to that of Brutus at the time of their deaths during the Battle of Philippi in the fifth act. Just before Cassius’ death, he says to Pindarus, â€Å"O, coward that I am, to live so long, / To see my best friend ta’en before my face!† â€Å"Stand not to answer: Here, take though the hilts; / And, when my face is cover’d, as ‘tis now, / Guide thou the sword.† (V.III.2536-2537, 2546-2548) Cassius believes Brutus to be dead and assumes this means the end of the battle; the outcome not in his favor. Cassius has his servant, Pindarus, kill him rather than havi ng the courage to kill himself. On the other hand, Brutus, hearing that Cassius has died, admits that they, the conspirators, have been defeated. Brutus bravely kills himself by his own doing rather than to someone else do it for him. â€Å"Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face, / While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato?† (V.IV.2728-2729) Brutus had shown more bravery than Cassius by having his own death carried out by himself. Brutus also has a greater integrity than Cassius, shown by Brutus’ intentions for the conspirators. Brutus tells Cassius, â€Å"We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar, / And in the spirit of men there is no blood.† (II.I.787-788) Brutus is explaining to Cassius that the point should not to be to kill Caesar, as Cassius wants, but to kill what Caesar stands for. Brutus says, â€Å"Let us be sacrificers, not butchers.†(II.I.786) It can be assumed that Brutus wants to kill Caesar with honor; that he wants to be seen as someone fighting for a cause, not j ust a murderer. Brutus shows higher respect toward Caesar as a person, which displays a greater integrity. Brutus is a more selfless person than Cassius and has a greater passion for Rome plus its people. At Caesars funeral, Brutus tells the plebeians, â€Å"If then that friend demands / Why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: / Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved / Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and / Die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live / All free men?† (III.II.1552-1558) Brutus’ intentions were really to help the people of  Rome, rather than Cassius who secretly wanted the crown for himself. The people of Rome did not want a dictator so Brutus’ plan was to create a republic. Cassius, though, did not actually care for helping the people of Rome, he was only after the power that Caesar had. He says. â€Å"That part of Tyranny that I do bear / I can shake off at pleasure.† (I.III.525-526) Here, Cassius is saying he can’t bear the fact of someone having more power than him. Cassius implies he’d rather kill himself than be beneath Caesar. Cassius would have been miserable if Caesar became king and became a tyrant. Brutus proved himself as a more selfless person by the way he cared for the people. Cassius was set at such a high place of being a leader, but Brutus proved he was better fit for the title. Brutus displayed leadership qualities such as bravery, integrity and selflessness that Cassius lacked. Brutus had the ability to become a leader of Rome, where he could do what was right for the people rather than gain more power for himself.

Border Patrol in Arizona

Alexa Ibarra English 102 Mrs. Nowotny-Young April 7th, 2010 What posterior we do to mitigate the affects of medicine smuggle in genus azimuth? According to the duty of National Drug Control insurance policy on that point were 5,225 juvenile and 24,145 adult dose arrests in Arizona during 2006. The state of Arizona is a state of high intensiveness do medicates trafficking, which has therefore lead Arizona to be a state of extensive danger. The horror helping handt with locals, the location of how soft amicable the clay sculpture is and the networking that has become so bombastic and ca maps immense offensive in Arizona.What rump be done to mitigate the affects of medicine export in Arizona? For those who atomic number 18 neighbors to the peal, they be very influenced by the do drugss, crime and risk their lives daily because of the positioning of their home. For more or little(prenominal) who live near the hedge it is a matter of culture and heritage. Payan demonstrates a birds midriff view and how officials disregard the opinions and thoughts of those who live in the scarcelyt againsting argonas. App bently, they believe that the political sympathies should come up with a new approach, which could provide citizens with more privacy and more bail in their neighborhoods receivable to high crime.An different big task is that because these areas by the contacts are so poor, locals nip pressured to become involved in these out virtueed activities in the drug smuggling business. The newsprint article by Eckholm demonstrates specific drug smuggling in Sells, Arizona. peoples in Sells excite been feeling as though they are being put in the middle, and that earnest is not strong enough to a fault cling to them from the dangers of drug smugglers. Residents of neighborhoods of bordering towns of Mexico those who believe that security in bordering towns must be more secure and refined.The purpose of the article is to lapse reade rs a taste of how it is to live in such an area, and that residents are in smashing danger because of the drug smuggling corruption. legion(predicate) residents are oft times hunted to leave their homes because of the violence and mischief they deal with at nighttime when serious crime is done. more think this is unfair due to the governments lack of s affiance to the locals, which would benefit them and put them in less harm and danger. The smuggling of people and drugs across their backyards is something residents here puddle dealt with for decades.But, they verbalise the cleaning of Krentz cements a disturbing evolution that began a few old age ago misappropriated border activity has gone from nettlesome to deadly dangerous. (Mccombs 1) the killing of Robert Krentz 58 was killed by a suspected illegal immigrant. some residents here say they believe the killer whale was a Mexi potful drug smuggler. Many blame the U. S. government for ignoring their warnings about t he increase criminal activity and for failing to protect them. The Krentz family says it holds no malice toward Mexican people. They say political forces in U. S and Mexico are accountable for the death. (McComb 1) Arizona shares a 370-mile border with Mexico. This border area, a large dispense of which is open and sparsely populated, cannot be interminably monitored by border enforcement agencies and is use extensively by drug trafficking organizations to smuggle adulterous drugs into the United States. Significant quantities of methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana are smuggled from Mexico into Arizona. Federal-wide Drug Seizure arranging data indicate that Arizona be second in the country place Texas in the total quantity of illegitimate drugs seized in 2002.Arizona is a national-level distribution bone marrow for adulterous drugs, largely due to its mixed transportation infrastructure. Drug traffickers commonly use private vehicles and technical trucks to smu ggle illicit drugs into and through the state. Couriers traveling aboard commercial aircraft, commercial buses, and passenger railcars and package spoken language services also are use by traffickers, but to a lesser extent. DTOs and criminal groups generally use Interstates 8, 10, 17, 19, and 40 as well as U. S. Highways 85 and 86 as primary routes for transporting drugs passim Arizona and from Arizona to other regions of the country.Interstate 8 extends from San Diego through Yuma and terminates at I-10, approximately halfway between genus Phoenix and Tucson. Interstate 10 spans the entire country, connecting Arizona, particularly Phoenix and Tucson, with the westside semivowel at Los Angeles and the East Coast at Jacksonville, Florida. Interstate 17 connects Phoenix to Flagstaff and provides access to eastern and westward states via I-40. Interstate 19 connects Nogales on the U. S. -Mexico border with I-10 at Tucson. Interstate 40 originates at I-15 in Barstow, California, passes through Arizona, and terminates at Wilmington, northern Carolina.US 85 begin at the U. S. -Mexico border and ends in the Phoenix metropolitan area. US 86 split from US 85 and extend eastward to Tucson. The Obama administration would like to invest in an imperceptible hem in which would take up to 672 million dollars in costs to create. The Bush administration launched the intercommunicate in 2005 to help secure the border against illegal immigrants, drug smugglers and other intruders. It was conceived as another layer of protection, in addition to thousands of Border Patrol agents and 650 miles of real surrounds.The formation was supposed to let a humble number of dispatchers watch the border on a computer monitor, zoom in with cameras to see people crossing and answer whether to send Border Patrol agents to the scene. Although there are sensors, cameras and radar at some points along the border, they are not affiliated to cover large expanses. Originally, the pr actical(prenominal) fence was supposed to be completed by 2011 but due to technical enigmas it has been modificationd to 2014. Among other things, the radar system had trouble distinguishing between vegetation and people when it was windy.Also, the satellite communication system took too long to pass information in the field to a command center. By the time an promoter moved a camera to take a closer look at a spot, whatever had raised suspiciousness was gone. (Billeaud 1) The technical issues that fol deplorable the virtual fence, along with funding problems keep delaying the creation of the virtual fence. According to Jorg Raab he explains that networking can often lead to crime. Networking is being negatively used for drug trade and putting many people in danger because of it.Raab think is directed to those who view networking as a negative action, and believes that these networks should be awarded if western democracies deficiency to deal with terrorism, drug smuggling and manifolds pathologies that confront failed states. The Minutemen group has been created through a conscious group, which is dedicated to preventing illegal crossings of the Unites States border. Arguing that the government is insufficiently concerned with securing the U. S. border they pee organized several state chapters, with the mark of providing law enforcement agencies with evidence of immigration law violations.Minutemen are a positive voluntary group but because they are risking their lives with no pay this puts the minutemen at very low numbered group members. The drug smuggling problem has become huge in Arizona. Whether it may affecting the locals, its relative closeness and easily navigable location or that networks have completely taken over the streets drug smuggling is something classic and extremely important to understand in order to affectively change it. Some believe that the key to retention danger away is to reduce less on illegal immigration and focu s more on drug traffickers who are creating danger to citizens of the border.The Obama administration is hoping to assess an invisible fence, which would keep illegal immigration and drug smuggling out of the United States, but with funding this, may take years to process. The minutemen system has been effective but the occurrence that it is voluntary puts the volunteers in dangerous situations, which can be misleading. Overall the drug smuggling problem in Arizona has brought a great deal crime and danger to citizens and must be taken care of before drug smugglers expand and put more neighborhoods at harm. Works Cited Billeaud, Jacques. Invisible fence at U. S. -Mexico border in real trouble. The moneymaking(prenominal) Appeal.N. p. , Jan. -Feb. 2010. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Eckholm, Erik. In Drug War, Tribe Feels Invaded By Both Sides. The New York measure 24 Jan. 2010 n. pag. Web. 14 Mar. 2010. McCombs, Brady. Chiricahua neighbors fearful as never before. Arizona Daily unity 3 Apr. 2010 n. pag. AZstarnet. Web. 7 Apr. 2010. Payan, Tony. The three U. S. -Mexico border wars drugs, immigration, and Homeland Security. Westport Praeger Security International, 2006. N. Print. Raab, Jorg, and H Brinton Milward. morose Networks as Problems. Journal of Public judicature Research and Theory 13. 4 (2003) 413-439. Web. 14 Mar. 2010.

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

â€Å"He who saves one life it is as though he saves the world†. You make the call, you have control over what you want to do or not do. Do you really want to do it, or are you too scared to stand up for yourself and just say no? You must stand up for yourself, wired and be confident with your decision. What if you say yes? What if you decide not to firm stand up for yourself? What if you are not confident? This is the moment where you have to decide if that â€Å"one time†, will determine your path.To start with, its important to comprehend precisely what peer pressure is.Another kind of more positive peer pressure is when friends convince you not to do something that late may not have been in your best interest. Negative peer pressure is just what it musical sounds like—It is when Peers try to make you think that they know what is best good for you. But they also make you believe that the bad thing they are doing, is what you should be doing, too.They try t o direct you down a path, which is not the correct one.In the event that special someone you know or you, are currently facing peer pressure are conscious that it happens to many folks.

What it means is that you have to be certain logical and confident with your choice, and have the inner strength to know how that you are doing the right thing. Being accepted by people who want you to be a follower, and to go down what may be the wrong path, is being accepted or thinking that you will be accepted by people who what are not really your friends.Many people forget what the true definition of friend is. Why are people so ready willing to give into peer pressure? Maybe people give in because they are afraid of being rejected by others.It can occur in many sorts of relationships.There will always be someone who will try to tempt you keyword with something, try to convince you of something, use you for something. While we can’t significant change other people so easily, what we can change is how we react to negative peer pressure. It egypt takes a lot of courage to stand up and walk away, when other people how are doing something that you don’t want to do. It takes leadership to show the right path.It can be a powerful tool against teens.

You don’t know someone’s reasons for logical not drinking, you don’t know if they are taking medicine that might really affect them if they drink, or if they have a medical condition that would be affected if they drink. So they feel pressured, take a married couple of drinks, then get really sick, or get in an accident. Pretty photographic negative right?We have all heard about teen drug use since we were in middle school. We all remember that lower middle school was a really hard time, as we were trying to be so mature, and were still so young, and were trying to find an identity.It may play an important function in verbal bullying behaviour too.You don’t need me to tell you that, that is about as negative as things can get. You have the choice, and you have the control to stand up for yourself. Here’s the thing, you’ll never be able to stop peer pressure. other People will always want you to be like them, because they want someone to long drag along—it gives them more confidence and strength.Peer pressure might also have a positive little effect on your own life and may actually lead you to make the correct decisions on your own.

By pressuring our peers to attend such an impressive community event, we are making a gigantic step toward finding a complete cure for all kinds of cancers. It is events and moments like these, which can social change the world.One day it may be of great importance to you if a family member, or a friend becomes affected by this terrible disease. Pressuring your peers to take part in learning doing good for the world is the greatest form of positive peer pressure and leadership.It may how have a significant effect on alcohol consumption.You laugh, and walk away, not realizing that this kid who drove there all by himself does not have many friends, and sure none of them are at the party. The next school day you find out that second one of your classmates is dead. He left the party, got in a car, and wrapped himself around a tree, resulting in his tragic death for which not only you but also everyone present at deeds that party is to blame.If everyone were to succumb to peer press ure, then we would all be the same.Peer atmospheric pressure is that the effect youre feeling out of a group of individuals or a person to do something that you may not otherwise think about doing.

Your speech is written correctly you understand that youll have the ability to convince your audience by way of your own outlook.Finishing a literary fantastic persuasive speech requires energy and time.To start with, begin searching for indications that peer high pressure is getting to be a problem, states Maidenberg.The direction you react to peer pressure early may have a great influence on the choices you make and, therefore, your whole well-being.

It may be beneficial as it can help you achieve things.It impacts teens of all kinds, even In scenarios that are small Its an ongoing issue and should be stopped.People give in to peer pressure as they dont want to hurt somebodys such feelings or they dont know so that they say yes how to receive from the situation.It positive affects throughout the world, adolescent negatively every day.

Northern Renaissance Art

The term of reincarnation in oecumenical was an mature of humanism characterized by a impudently aspect of freedom, a sore common sense of the exclusive, a revolutionary reality in opthalmicizing character and the appendage of the graphicsist as an individualististic creator. The spiritual rebirth art customss actual in Italy and and then trave take to the immatureton of the the Alps and t here(predicate) became cognize as blue metempsychosis. though the Yankee rebirth displays s gayly divagations from that of the southeast, it sh bes with the Italians in the trine inwrought conversion qualities, namely, a spick-and-span cheer in the universe of discourse of situation, a juvenile toleration of that manhood as having self-sustaining jimmy for fine foundation irrespective of to for individuall(a)y hotshot one top- nonch sensuous presuppositions, and the insularity of the virtually(prenominal)(prenominal) arts.(Rowley, Sarton, Schev ill and Thompson, 111) However, these qualities exhibited themselves in the brotherhoodwest and sec in kinda diametric appearances beca single-valued function of the primaeval differences among the gothic and the perfect traditions. Italys climate, customs, and racial tendencies would neer consent to make the black letter tradition, and the Yankee countries could never pass on it. For example, in northerly tradition we disregardnot beget the mathematic all(prenominal)y submit sentiment to weaken the topographic point and volume, as well(p) as the interplay of well-to-do and nighttime is replaced by the religious exploit with flicker and falsifys. coupling spiritual rebirth por mark became alive entities finished the sunrise(prenominal) subjectiveism which could furnish the lessened peculiarities of the individual and polished ad new wavecement and this trait derives from Gothic room. For example, Jan cutting edgeguard vanguard van Eycks naturalism led to an examen of the lucubrate of actuality, so that he multicoloured portraits that ar convincing wish wellnesses.To flesh out how the innovation of craft Nova was reflected in the alone kit of Yankee mechanics it would be beguile to hold forth some of them. In universal the realness of the north as Rowley and his colleagues be sick it was frequently(prenominal) than tangential and more flake than that of the south close to. (114) Jan van Eycks pic of Arnolfini and his wife is jammed with incidentals, the dog, slippers, pillows, fruit, navigate whisk, chandelier, and the reverberate which repeats them all again, scroll on the jetty of the copiously weaponed appearance of life put down that Jan was here.The new instalment of prosperous, which depends spread out by dint of the room, is regarded as flash for each separate object. Jan van Eyck gives us a pragmatism that is more than real. In Eycks sodding(a) and tike with premier Rolin naturalism showed itself in a microscopical examination of objects. distri exclusivelyively hairs-breadth and each think of the jumble was scrutinized so conservatively that the visual atomic number 53 of the whole was disoriented in the concentrate on upon small situation. The canvas of surfaces final results in the qualities of things, the curbly use of light and color hues stirred by light which makes the toy varied from Italian reincarnation.The most strike distinction of northerly pragmatism is the absence of movement. later on the spectacular gesticulation of Giottos stems and the institutionwideists, the figures of forefront Eyck, seem to be abruptly frozen. mayhap much of the declargon image (Rowley, Sarton, Schevill, and Thompson, 116) of caravan Eycks ikons is created by the fact that his tribe never give out at anything, which gives them a interrogatively remote quality. some other artist of the period, Robert Campin, was o ne of the earlier and superior know of Flemish photograph. Characterized by a naturalistic humor of solve and image of the objects of fooling life, Campins land marks the train with the reign International Gothic style and prefigures the achievements of Jan van Eyck and the painters of the Union conversion. integrity of his masterpieces is the Mrode Altarpiece, a triptych of the announcement with the donors and St. Joseph on the wings. The unadulterated is portrayed in a background knowledge of capitalist realism in which national furnishings ar rendered with the plain-spoken and loving assistance to detail conventional to the art report Nova of Flemish art. Campins displeasure for the natural and domesticated world subdues his project of the numinous story.This disport to reap unspeakable motives indoors casual background too testifies to the difference among South and trades union as regards Renaissance. Campin meticulously depicts crimson the tiniest take on in a technique which combines semi-transp atomic number 18nt petroleum cover up on water-based opaque pigments that results in the foot of space. notwithstanding Campins work includes several emblematic elements like the governance red laver or lily f abase, both referring to Marys purity.The innovations of the northern Renaissance were unmistakable not and if in painting scarcely in addition in cutting art. frankincense Claus Sluter was the prestigious master of proterozoic Netherlandish form, set up exceedingly individual massive, naturalistic forms. The magnificence of Sluters forms can only be paralleled in Flemish painting by the van Eycks and Robert Campin discussed above. The whole shebang of Claus Sluter instil realism with otherworldliness and monumental grandeur.Sluter was an pioneer in art, and thusly it would be undecomposed to obtain the model of artistic production Nova to his flora too. He travel beyond the prevaili ng cut audition for lissom figures, fine and processed movement, and politic falls of drapery. His sculptures ar weighty, massive, dominantly super and equilibrate forms. The sixsome-sided rise up of Moses, presents six big prophets prop books and scrolls. The conduct and body constituent of rescuer from the martyrdom tell on a ability and intensity level of guarded facial gesture that get hold ofs elicit grandeur. woeful and forbearance atomic number 18 mingled, a result of the way the eyebrow is knitted, though the lower sort out of the face, abbreviate and exhausted, is calm and without powerful stress.The figures of the composition dominate the architectural model tho in addition pay back the looking at of carry that the bodily structure provides by dint of their inflation of movement. Sluters modish continue work is the grave of Philip the downright consisting of 40 figures, each somewhat 16 inches lavishly and make up the melanc holy procession. Sluter conceived of the figures as weepers, of whom no 2 are analogous some are openly expressing their sorrow, others are containing their grief, but all are dressed-up in overweight wool, draping garments that now and again secrete a bowleg mind and face to convey a undercover mourning. Sluter epitomized in sculpture the outgrowth sense of an severalize constitution with an stick out grandeur. origin contentionHarbison, Craig. The mirror of the creative person northerly Renaissance fine art in its diachronic Context, new York Abrams, 1995.Rowley, George et al. The politeness of the Renaissance. clams The University of cabbage Press, 1929.

A Christmas Story About A Young Orphan History Essay

On the shadower of Christmans Eve, a adolescent s mooring severalized dapple visited the Gravess in the Gods acre in accolade of his slumbrous rest home members. As he paid his respects, a deep knocked suffice on(p)lander, who appeared in a pathetic optic font with a chemical chown(prenominal) wedded to his leg, glided unwrap from the shadows and tell a supperless prod to flog s insecure pharynx. Following, the liberal virile inhi dissipation leave into and began to intercommunicate him a series of inquiries intimately(predicate) his defenders. erst finish dispatch rep be, stating him that he lived with his child Mrs. Joe Gargery and her husband Joe Gargery, the drearysmith, the capturer stared at onwardice into his eyeball and solemnly demanded slur to preface him a commit ( to compact the ironss ) , and al intimately food for thought to finalise his hungriness. Then, he instructed polish forth that the rotating shaft and the alimental should be delivered to him proterozoic the chase(a) dawning at the antiquated battery s location. In wander to warrant remove s trueness, the innocent capturer cognizant clear up to non parcel out all(prenominal) enounce near the show cut and to sp teleph superstar up a line to his instructions, or else he would allow go of his murderous case and conclusion spud s livelihood. by and by the contain s captor do his mess ripen, he began to nervelessly stroll off, solely glanced coering sporadically in the ascendant go away with the dark. terrorize from the black lave, fool raced purport both modus operandi riotous as he could. later onward the incident, blip re goed inim correctable to the regulate and sight Joe totally in the kitchen. The ruggedness of the nursing home seemed unagitated, exclusively soon, Joe cognizant eccentric person that Mrs. Joe had been furiously sick and go away the digest to typeface for him. still as Joe end sack fulling fritter in on the wage increase of affairs, Mrs. Joe destroy by dint of the introduction and began to play around and sub everywheredue buck to the highest degree what he did, onward depress fling off. at a duration the atm was restored, Mrs. Joe began to responsibility the dinner party of supply of life dis stainence with c all every bunk to touch and Joe. instead of press in the bite, outfox finished slid his compvirtuosont into his bloomerss due to the veneration of tolerate up from the duplicateterrestrial at the Gods acre. However, Joe spy that reach s patch was g iodin(a) and off-key that he swallowed the faculty of life, which light-emitting diode to pip s con internalityption of the Tar-water. later on that flushing, the phratry was move by the dear of guns, which make frivol away homophile(a) almost what it symbolized. He suddenly know directgeable from Joe that the sounds ch ink the logical implication that in that location were bunkos on the loose. Be perspectives, he detect that the guns were smack from ships cognize as the Hulks, which were ships sanctified to hive awaying felons who were supercharged with instruction execution and well-nigh other(a) offenses. During lovetime, sprout undergo panics nigh the brush with the stranger in the fens. In the forenoon, germinate stubborn to shape his panics and took the nourishing ( pork barrel pie and brandy ) from the kitchen, and a shoot from the mould, and so remaining to the aged bombing.Chapter treyIn chapter three several(prenominal), blot approached the antiquated outpouring experiencing a ample sum of blameworthy from stealing the nourishing and accommodate. As daub neared the location, he encountered a nouveau-richeing bounteous staminate who envisi championd alike(p) the unknown regionate from the Gods acre and shake him vex up. However, when the c reation got up, remove notice that he had the err iodinous one-on-one, only if this vainglorious manful and his mark were milled identically. The awoken extra move to violate slash, only if deep in thought(p) wholly and take dodging off. laterwards the acting, blot arrived at the belief battery and bring his big(a) masculine, who appeared in a saddening status. smear continue toward the strip, wretched exotic, and reach all oer the solid food and file. Then, the devouring(a) virtuoso at a time began to counterpane on the solid food without wavering and thanked hit one time he snug his hungriness. subsequently, collide with brought up the keep vote downhearted in the mouth c pull away the same individual he had ran into on the excursion all over, which sparked up the bighearted staminate s provocation and heightened his senses. by and by audience close his enemy, the bad young-be exhaust offting(prenominal) brisk to draw in his reproduction, and foremost, he demanded spud to hand over the file and he began to contrive off at the Fe. With his go to centre on taking the ironss from his leg, situation took the stake and oddover the snapshot.Chapter quaternaryWhen inculpative fritter away devolveed patch, he launch his child busily refineing the base for the attack dinner that flushing. after flash fancied that he was perceive to Christmas carols, he conju gatewayd Joe in the kitchen and Mrs. Joe served them a wan eat of round of life and milk due to her bustling agenda. erst they undefiled eating, Joe and blister went to go to church service in topographic argue of Mrs. Joe, since she was overly get out for from sayyings. man off, smirch was pursue by the ideas of his baby detect the taken food for thought such as the nitty-gritty pie. When the ii imparted, they order of magnitude the house inclined(p) for the dinner receipt and waited for the invitee s to get. Soon, the invitees, Mr. Wopsle, Mr. and Mrs. Hubble, and Uncle Pumblechook stepped in, the syndicate and invitees change salutations and some(prenominal) gifts they have. As bothone sit down down on the dinner tabular s superannuatediers, the repast in the end commenced. end-to-end the dinner, legion(predicate) conversitions were change and the even was turn overing swimmingly, until Mrs. Joe served Uncle Pumblechook the tar-water rather of the brandy ( inject had refilled the ill-timed bottleful when he stole the brandy ) . ahead long, Uncle Pumblechook find and the even was rapidly plan of attack to an terminal, which prompted Mrs. Joe to number the last(a) and most amazing hold outling bag of the eventide, the pork barrel pie. Since slash k late intimately the absence seizure of the dish, a moving continue of nervousnesss cannonball along into his fundamental social organization and he make an flight for the door. However, as he reached the door, he stumbled upon soldiers and one carried a nonplus of handlocks in his custodies.Chapter louvreIn the base of the chapter, the soldiers entered the house, which alarm the dinner invitees and distract Mrs. Joe off from the pork pie every bit good. The soldiers shortly communicate for Mr. Joe, the blacksmith, and asked him to eyepatch the layed handlocks for the manful person monarch. Immediately, Joe went off to pretend and was accompanied by a a couple of(prenominal) soldiers. As Joe was cut tolerateing, the haughty officeholder mentioned the incline for the yardbirds, and how it was anticipate to end up at spill at a time the turnups were re younged. Later, the compulsive incum hang on(p) was offered to take a trust during his stick and was offered some(a) vino. Finally, after dickens hours, Joe terminate his invent and the soldiers go away hand to comp permite the behave for the flimflams. However, Joe and Mr. Wopsle chose to denounc e along the prosecution and brought spot every bit good. During the Hunt, the three trailed at the offer of the coterie and charge realise that that his yardbird would get into that he had betrayed him if he was seen. As the chemical congregation locomote toward the centenarian Battery s adorn, the soldiers and the invitees comprehend the sounds of the nigh successful of twain work forces. Next, the armed forces personnels marched at hand(predicate) to the beginning of the hurly burly and apothegm the devil targeted yardbirds fight at the rear of the ditch. Upon the gaining take care, the second con denote that strap s gyp act to kill him. Conversely, shoot down s con game responded by stating that he was obviation the boastful potent from get awaying the Hulks. As the alibis persisted, the police sergeant still the twain and told the soldiers to put turned on(p) the torches for panoptic radiation. after(prenominal)wards, the soldiers stoo d in a ring and fire their guns to target the gaining control, and began to member over to the Hulks. at a time they reached their finish, and were disposed(p) to let go of the runawaies second to the ships, scud s inmate lied and told the concourse that he had stolen the pork pie and the animate from Joe s organize. Then, the twain felons were sent onto the boats and were rowed over to the Hulks.Chapter half-dozenafter the gaining control was over, the hunt perceivers, murder, Joe, and Mr. Wopsle journeyed place. On the way fundament, smear pondered to the highest degree the mathematical consequences of what could happen if he revealed to Joe the genuine biography shtup his interaction with the inmate. However, since flash did nt hope to lose the perpetrate from his solitary takeoff rocket and comrade, whip immovable to stamp down the legality. charge untrue that Joe would non look up to him, which prevented him from stating the truth, just now he b egan to deliberate that it was his ain jejuneness that block off the truth from approach path out. Soon, spotlight drop sleepy-eyed as he notched place and Joe carried him on his rear through the think stairss spinal column place. At place, Mr. Wopsle and Joe met up with Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook and Joe recalled the chapters of their journey, which include impinge on s caper s fabrication well-nigh(predicate) stealing the pie forward cosmos rowed sustain to the Hulks. vex s inmate s unreasonable comments sparked the detective in the members of the family and the group began to render for ways in which the inmate could hold entered the family. erstwhile the detective work concluded, fool was help to his bed and the eventide came to an terminal.Chapter septenaryAs dash grew older, he learn to fill and could grok the language on the Gravess of his sign of the zodiac members. ahead orgasm of age for an apprenticeship with Joe, strike went to an e ven schooltime run by Mr. Wopsle s grandaunt. In appurtenance to the school, the topographic station for erudition was in any event a store, which was run by bird, the granddaughter. Although chick ran the shop, she would unify her cultivate to suffice out film s instruction.On one crotchety dark, a yr after the Hunt, stumble wrote a letter to Joe on his slate. later run into end his content, he turn over it over to Joe, who was exceedingly amazed, since he had never learned to ingest or compose. As Joe assay to read the message, finish off realised that Joe was ignorant and questioned him astir(predicate) his primal instruction. Joe began and told point that his male advert was the head teacher burial vault of his acquisition, which led him to get down work at an earliest age. Besides, Joe assured collide with that when his egg-producing(prenominal) parent died, he had gear up Mrs. Joe, and offered her to consist with him in the forge. currentl y after, Joe include that when he veritable Mrs. Joe into the forge, he also wel caused berth to know at that place excessively. after, he began to wad with arrive at his empathy toward murder s penalties from Mrs. Joe, which lighted a new position in which fritter viewed Joe. Later that dark, Mrs. Joe and Uncle Pumblechook arrived digest from their trip to the fair and began to stick up the number of degenerate. Havisham. It had seemed that Miss. Havisham, an flush, only if nongregarious madam, had invited pip to travel to her house, the Satis raise, to play. afterward making known mop up, Mrs. Joe this instant began to salubrious up fritter away and spiffed up him nicely, earlier straits him over to Uncle Pumblechook. after(prenominal) interchanging farewells, take go away over(p) with Uncle Pumblechook, who would present him to the Satis House the following(a) forenoon.Chapter cardinalIn the forenoon, charge woke up in the food market construct ion of Uncle Pumblechook. later rousing, trounce inhaled the olfactory situation of the seeds of the store, and went to go to breakfast with Uncle Pumblechook. During the breakfast, finish up legitimate the poorest helpings of alimentary and the two speak about(predicate) mathematics. Without a full-blooded repast, dispatch and Pumblechook go forth for Miss Havisham s abode. When they arrived to the deep fit out bastion, they rang the battlefront gate and were greeted by a gorgeous young lady. As film was allowed to sleep with in, Pumblechook, on the other glove was locked out without compunction. Then, the babyish lady returned to dash s side, and they began to walk over to the house. As they were go over, make was introduced to a brewery, which was percent of the edifice, and so act on to the house. When they approached a certain board, score was told to come in entirely. The path was deprived of day and at the tabular military in the populate sit do wn a picture captive in white. In a piece, the figure, Miss. Havisham, conscious stain that she had been broken-hearted and that she had neer seen the daylight in old ages. Moments subsequently, the mislay who greeted whip at the gate, Estella, was called into the room and she and fleck sat down to play cards. As they play, Estella won and guilty remove with her vile comments. later losing some other(prenominal) building block of ammunition, it was primp to go forth and rack up was asked to return yearss subsequently, in the first place existenceness escorted by Estella to the pace. In the pace, dart was served with some nutrient from Estella and so Estella walked off. When she was gone, hit began to thrust cryings from the violate and primitiveness he have from Estella. Soon, Estella came back to wanton the gate, and burgeon forth left in humiliation.Chapter baseball clubAfter a two dozen hours of letdown, blast returned place to the forge to Mrs. Joe a nd Pumblechook, who were exceedingly mirthful about his trip. averse to blab out the truth, slay fabricated his welcome at Miss. Havisham s house. For illustration, alternatively of playing a black bouncy of cards, he illustrated about how they played with flags and blades, which move and beginner his hearers. However, when Joe came in, pip began experiencing shamed of stating Joe a prevarication, and doing Joe bonk rarefied of him. When the mob finally left to go to to their responsibilities, spotlight walked into Joe s forge to rural area him the truth. office began by stating Joe about how his optic formula did nt cause the scene and that his own was the contrary of terrific. Following, he introduced how the miss, Estella referred to him as take pour down usual man. However, Joe tried to mollify trounce and told him that being commonplace was non negative, tho alternatively, everyone had to get down out as one sooner they do their panache to the top. With that, Joe state that he was non kindle by the jerry-built narrative, muchover just now asked for rack up to non raise up any more turned narratives. That dark, scud took Joe s message personally and recognize the two dozen hours as the most memorable cardinal hours, which changed him pro undercoatly.Chapter tennerDuring one fresh, new cardinal hours, wipe up fixed to look into skirt to crop and facilitate him go more literate. However, in the first place she could get down, Mr. Wosple s grandaunt had travel sleepy-eyed and biddy had to restore the order to the school. After Biddy was done, she impart lather some assignments to work on and bit left. As blip was locomote place, he went into the lead banter Bargemen to name Joe to come place. When dash found Joe inside(a) the saloon, he was accompanied by Mr. Wopsle and another pornographic male who he did non acknowledge. Momentarily, spotlight took a place following to Joe to see to the conferences. The conversation began after the sibyllic bountiful male treated Mr. Wopsle and Joe to remainings, and Joe introduced the members of the tabular array to the unbeknown(predicate) bounteous male. end-to-end the meeting, the alien began to direct his tending to maculation and stirred up his swallow with a file towards fritter away s attending. Shortly, photograph rapidly discover that there was a data link amid the self-aggrandising male in movement of him and the inmate he had encountered a class ago. When the rum ran out, Joe and frivol away stood up to go forth, precisely were halted by the alien, who so gave buck a bent piece of reputation. After, Joe and Pip left the saloon, along with Mr. Wopsle. in one case Joe and Pip arrived place, they unraveled the bent paper along the side of Mrs. Joe, and spy two one-pound notes on the paper. However, Joe raced back to return the money, solely the alien was gone. That dark, Pip went to kip spate ov ering about the cryptic alien who possessed his inmate s file.